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Endocrine System

 

The endocrine system is made up of a series of glands that produce chemicals called hormones. These affect various bodily functions.

 

Parts of the endocrine system

Gland

Is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals.

Hormones

Bodily chemical messengers that transfer information from one set of cells to another, affecting changes.

Hypothalamus

Is located below the thalamus and above the brain stem. is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Pituitary gland

Is about the size of a pea and is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. It is called the master gland because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands.

Thyroid

Is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below) the Adam's Apple. The thyroid controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

Parathyroids

Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, which are usually located on the rear surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.


Adrenal glands

Are located on top of the kidneys. They are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in conjunction with stress.

 

 


Pineal gland

Is shaped like a tiny pine cone and is located in the brain. It produces melatonin, a hormone that affects wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions.

Endocrine System Quiz

 

 

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